Independent water quality ratings

Know what's in your water before you drink it.

The data exists. It's just scattered across utility PDFs, EPA databases, and brand reports written to be skimmed past. WaterKnown collects it into one place, translates it, and scores it against health guidance, with the citation under every number.

Every number cited to its source Health guidance, not legal minimums Nothing invented, ever

Portland, OR · Bull Run supply
SRC: PORTLAND WATER BUREAU 2025 + UCMR 5
83/100
Lead4.89 ppb
PFASnone detected
TTHMs32.1 ppb
Arsenic1.1 ppb
Nitrate0.31 ppm
Zero PFAS detections in UCMR 5tick = federal limit
10,297US water systems analysed
17,672water systems searchable
3,539US systems with PFAS detected
0brands that can buy a score

How scoring works

The same yardstick, whether the brand likes it or not

A marketing label is not a lab report. Every score on this site comes from published data run through the same three steps, and no one can opt out of them or pay into them.

STEP 01

We collect the record

Utility Consumer Confidence Reports, EPA UCMR monitoring files, FDA retail surveys, state testing programs, brand-published lab reports, NSF certification listings. Every number keeps its citation.

STEP 02

We score against health guidance

Published results are compared to health-based guidance levels, which are usually far stricter than legal limits. Same benchmarks for every brand and every city, applied whether the result flatters them or not.

STEP 03

We grade disclosure

What a brand won't publish matters as much as what it will. A product with no current public report doesn't get an invented score. It gets a disclosure flag that says exactly that.

Reading a score

Scores run 0 to 100. The bands are deliberately strict: plenty of legal water does not clear 80.

0255075100
0–49 · Avoid 50–79 · Acceptable, with trade-offs 80–100 · Recommended

Bottled water

Why there are no brand scores here

The FDA tested 197 bottled waters for PFAS and found detections in ten of them. It never published which ten. No agency does, which is why nobody can honestly score bottled brands from public data, us included.

197 tested

Domestic and imported bottled waters sampled at retail by the FDA between 2023 and 2024, across purified, artesian, spring and mineral types.

10 with PFAS

Eight domestic purified or spring waters carrying one to four compounds, two imported artesian waters carrying one or two. None above the drinking-water limits taking effect in 2029.

0 brands named

The one thing a shopper needs, and no public dataset contains it. What you can check is a filter's certification, which is public and model-specific.

Why we exist

A label can say "pure spring water" and be legally true while the report that would prove it sits in a PDF nobody opens. The data isn't secret. It's scattered, unread, and written to be skimmed past. WaterKnown collects it, translates it, and holds it to health guidance instead of legal minimums. We don't run lab panels of our own yet, and we won't pretend to.

The WaterKnown team

How we work

Written by people who read the reports

WaterKnown is written and maintained by our editorial team. We are not toxicologists, and we do not claim to be. What we do is read primary sources carefully, cite every number, and defer to the agencies whose job this actually is.

We work from primary sources

Utility Consumer Confidence Reports, EPA UCMR 5 occurrence data, EPA SDWIS, and NSF certification listings. Never aggregators, never a competitor's summary.

We defer on health questions

For what contaminants do to people, we point to EPA, ATSDR and CDC rather than paraphrasing them into something new.

We show our working

The scoring formula is published in full, every figure links to its report, and when a number cannot be read without guessing, the page says so instead.

Common questions

Straight answers about the ratings

Where does your data come from?
From the public record: utility Consumer Confidence Reports, EPA UCMR monitoring data, FDA retail surveys, state testing programs, brand-published lab reports, and NSF certification listings. Every number on this site links to the report it came from.
Do you test the water yourselves?
Not yet. Every number on this site today comes from a cited public source, and we label each one with where it came from. Independent lab testing is on our roadmap, and when it lands it will follow the same rule as everything else here: full results, published.
Do brands pay to be rated?
No brand can pay us anything. We earn affiliate commission from retailers when you buy through our links, which funds the research and costs you nothing extra. That rate is identical whether a product scores 91 or 34, and manufacturers have no way to buy a score, a placement or a review. Scores come from accredited certification listings we neither control nor influence.
What does a score of 80 actually mean?
Scores run 0 to 100 against health-based guidance levels, which are usually stricter than legal limits. 80 and above is Recommended: every measured contaminant sits comfortably below those guidance levels. 50 to 79 is Acceptable, with the trade-offs spelled out on the report. Below 50, we say avoid it, and we show exactly why.
My city isn't listed. Can you add it?
Probably. We add cities by request volume, and if your utility publishes a Consumer Confidence Report, and nearly all do, we can collect and translate it. Search your city on the tap water page and request it if it's missing.
How often does the data update?
Utility reports publish annually by July 1, and EPA monitoring data lands on its own cycle, so city pages refresh as each new report drops. Brand pages update whenever a brand publishes new results. Every page shows the date of the report behind it.

Stop guessing at your water.

Look up your city, check the bottle in your fridge, or see what a filter is actually certified to remove.